گفتن به بیانی دیگر (Paraphrasing)

گفتن به بیانی دیگر در Writing آیلتس

Paraphrasing for IELTS Writing

در هر دو تسک یک و تسک دو رایتینگ آیلتس (و دیگر آزمون های آکادمیک)، شما می بایست بارها جملات را به اشکالی دیگر و در قالب جملاتی از سوی خودتان ارایه کنید. برای این کار، باید بلد باشید اصطلاحا paraphrase کنید. برای پرفریز کردن (گفتن به بیانی دیگر)، چند راه وجود دارد.

ابتدا، به مثال زیر توجه کنید:

Original text: Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.

Paraphrased text: It is recommended by some people that universities have an equal figure of men and women admission, no matter what the subject is.

برای paraphrase کردن، به موارد زیر توجه کنید:

1) تغییر در اجزای کلام (parts of speech)

2) استفاده از مترادف ها و متضاد ها (Synonyms and antonyms)

3) جا به جا کردن قیود

4) تغییر در ساختار جملات (با استفاده از subordination و coordination)

5) استفاده از فرم های کوتاه شده ی clause به phrase

نکته: با paraphrase کردن هیچ تغییری نباید در معنی جمله ایجاد شود.

مثال:

Original text:

Alice went on an amazing vacation last year after she got married to Jim.

Paraphrased text:

After she married Jim, Alice had an awesome journey a year ago.

توضیح مورد بالا:

جای دو clause وابسته و clause مستقل عوض شده است.
عبارت amazing vacation به awesome journey تبدیل شده است (مترادف).
عبارت married Jim به جای got married to Jim نوشته شده است.
عبارت last year به a year ago تغییر پیدا کرده است.

توضیحات کامل و روش انجام این کار به اضافه چند مثال کاربردی از صورت سوالات رایتینگ را در این ویدیو یاد بگیرید:

نوبت شماست!

جملات زیر را به بیانی دیگر بنویسید (paraphrase کنید):

In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing.

People nowadays put more emphasis on social skills. Some people believe that social skills are more important in addition to good qualification for job success.

Although modern life has brought with it improvements in people’s standard of living, people are not generally happy with their lives.

Some people see that university education is essential for successful life, while other doesn’t find it true.

Nowadays people prefer to follow sports events on TV rather than take part in sports themselves.

Going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect for many people. But while it may offer some advantages, it is probably better to stay home because of the difficulties a student inevitably encounters living and studying in a different culture.

Nowadays environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual persons or individual countries. In other words, it is an international problem.

Some people think that children should learn to compete in the world, but others think the children should be taught to cooperate so as to become more useful to society.

Even though globalization affects the world's economics in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten.

In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.

Full time university students spend most of the time studying. They should be doing other activities too.

Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.

Today’s food travels thousands of miles before it reaches customers.